Notebook - 1 Architectural Topics

ARCHITECTURE *Introduction* Definition of Architecture Importance of Architecture Branches of Architecture (e.g., residential, commercial, landscape) *Design Principles* Balance Proportion Emphasis Movement Pattern Unity Contrast *Elements of Architecture* Line Shape Form Space Texture Color *Architectural Styles* Ancient (e.g., Egyptian, Greek, Roman) Medieval (e.g., Gothic, Romanesque) Renaissance Modern (e.g., Art Nouveau, Art Deco) Contemporary (e.g., Postmodern, Deconstructivism) *Building Materials* Natural Materials (e.g., wood, stone, earth) Manufactured Materials (e.g., concrete, steel, glass) Sustainable Materials (e.g., bamboo, recycled materials) *Structural Systems * Load-bearing walls Frame structures Arches and vaults Tents and membranes * Environmental Considerations* Climate and orientation Natural ventilation and lighting Energy efficiency Sustainable design principles *Walls* Types of walls: Load-bearing walls Non-load-bearing walls (partition walls) Retaining walls Exterior walls (façade) Wall materials: Masonry (brick, block, stone) Concrete Wood (framing, panels) Glass and metal (curtain walls) *Windows* Types of windows: Fixed windows Operable windows (casement, double-hung, sliding) Bay windows and bow windows Skylights and clerestory windows Window materials: Wood Aluminum Vinyl Glass and metal frames *Doors* Types of doors: Hinged doors (swing, pivot) Sliding doors Folding doors Revolving doors Door materials: Wood Metal (steel, aluminum) Glass and metal frames *Floors and Ceilings* Floor types: Slab-on-grade Suspended floors (wood, concrete) Raised access floors Ceiling types: Exposed structure Suspended ceilings (acoustic, drop ceilings) Vaulted and domed ceilings *Roofs * Roof types: Flat roofs Pitched roofs (gable, hip, shed) Curved roofs (vaulted, domed) Green roofs and living roofs Roof materials: Asphalt shingles Metal roofing Tile and slate Membrane roofing (EPDM, PVC)