Reviewer for English 10 - Second Monthly

Reviewer for English 10 – Second Monthly Examination School Year 2025–2026 1. Binary Opposition Meaning: A pair of opposite concepts or values used in literature to highlight contrast. Explanation: Authors often use binary opposites to emphasize conflict, contrast, and theme. Examples:    Good vs. Evil (Cinderella vs. Stepmother) Life vs. Death (Romeo and Juliet) Freedom vs. Slavery (Uncle Tom’s Cabin) Type: Structuralist approach in literary criticism. 2. Biographical Context Meaning: An approach that analyzes a text by connecting it to the author’s life. Explanation: The author’s experiences, struggles, and background can influence their works. Examples:   Emily Dickinson’s poems reflect her life of seclusion. Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere reflects his nationalist views and experiences under Spanish rule. Type: Extrinsic criticism (contextual analysis). 3. Historical Context Meaning: Analyzing a text by considering the events, culture, and conditions of the time it was written. Explanation: Literature reflects the society and historical events that shaped it. Examples:   Shakespeare’s plays reflect Elizabethan politics. World War II literature reflects fear, war, and survival. Type: Contextual analysis (focus on historical background). 4. Sociocultural Context Meaning: Examining how society and culture affect literature. Explanation: Literature mirrors the beliefs, traditions, gender roles, and social class of a community. Examples:   Jane Austen’s novels reflect the role of women in 18th–19th century England. Filipino stories often emphasize family ties and respect for elders. Type: Contextual approach (focus on social values & culture). 5. Linguistic Context Meaning: Analyzing how words, phrases, and sentences provide meaning in a text. Explanation: Word choice, usage, and relationships affect interpretation. Parts:      Deictic expressions – words like here, now, I, you (depend on context). Co-text – words surrounding a phrase (helps clarify meaning). Collocation – natural word pairings (fast food, heavy rain, make a decision). Examples: The phrase “dark night” suggests sadness or danger. “Cold shoulder” means ignoring someone. 6. Psychological Context Meaning: Analyzing a text based on psychology, emotions, or mental states of the author or characters. Explanation: Literature often mirrors human thoughts, emotions, and unconscious desires. Examples:   Hamlet’s indecisiveness analyzed through Freud’s psychoanalysis. A story reflecting the author’s trauma or depression. Type: Psychoanalytic literary criticism. 7. Maxims, Universal Truths, and Philosophies Meaning: Wise sayings, life truths, and philosophical insights found in literature. Explanation: These express values and moral lessons that apply to human life. Examples:    Maxim: “Honesty is the best policy.” Universal Truth: “No man is an island.” Philosophy: Literature exploring the meaning of life, love, or freedom. Type: Didactic/Philosophical interpretation of literature. Tips for Review: 1. Memorize key definitions (binary opposition, context types, maxim, etc.). 2. Study examples – they often appear in multiple-choice tests. 3. Understand connections – e.g., o Biographical → Author’s life o Historical → Time period o Sociocultural → Society & culture o Psychological → Emotions & mind o Linguistic → Language use o Binary Opposition → Opposites o Maxims/Truths → Lessons