Electronegativity, Polar, Nonpolar, Electron Domain Geometry, and Molecular Shape Notes

electronegativity, polar, nonpolar, and molecular shape ELECTRONEGATIVITY: the ability to attract electrons Based on: 1. the number of energy levels (row#) 2. nuclear charge (# of protons) atoms with HIGH electronegativity are located in the top right corner (excluding Noble gases) ↳ F has the highest electronegativity atoms with Low electronegativity are located in the bottom left corner → electronegativity decreases as you move down the periodic table. due to Shielding electronegativity can be used to determine if a bond is lonic, polar covalent, or nonpolar Covalent ionic compounds. monpola polarlevalent is. IONIC: involves mainly transfer electrons. ionic bonds have an electronegativity difference (AEN) of 1.7-3.3 best way to tell if a compound is ionic, is by seeing if the formuld starts with a metal POLAR COVALENT: involves some slight transfer of electrons and some slight sharing of electrons. (partial charge) polar covalent bonds have an AEN of ~ 1.7-0.40 4 most bond don't have equal sharing or complete transfer (like tug of war) NON POLAR COVALENT: involves the most sharing of electrons (no charge). nonpolar covalent bonds have an AEN of ~3.9999-0 (20.40) Purely covalent = electrons are shared. evenly ΔΕΝ Zero nonmetal metal 3.3 nonpolar polar ionic Covalent Covalent the shape of a molecular molecule influences its behavior VEPR: valence shell electron pair repulsion this theory explains the shape of molecules electron pairs repel each other → they are of the same charge far apart as they arrange themselves as far possible ex: LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE STRUCTURAL FORMULA 00 H808 H 3.44 08- partial octet H H duet lone pairs 8+ 8+ 2.18 2.18 unshared (lone) pairs repel each other, water has a bent shape I due to the bent shape, water has a positive. and negative end. electron-domain geometry and molecular. geometry 2 DOMAINS - EDG: Linear ↳ O lone pairs - MG: Linear 3 DOMAINS EDG: Trigonal Planar O lone pairs - MG: Trigonal Planar 4 I lone pair - MG: Bent 4 DOMAINS EDG: Tetra hedral O lone pairs - MG: Tetrahedral ↳ I lone pair - MG: Trigonal pyramidal ↳2 lone pairs - MG: Bent 5 DOMAINS - EDG: Trigonal Bipyramidal (Tri Bi) O lone pairs - MG: Trigonal Bipyramidal 4 I lone pair - MG: Seesaw ↳2 lone pairs - MG: T-Shaped 43 lone pairs - MG: Linear 6 DOMAINS - EDG: Octahedral ↳ O lone pairs - MG: Octahedral ↳ I lone pair - MG: Square Pyramidal 2 lone pairs- MG: Square Planar TIPS FOR MEMORIZATION: DOMAINS: Tri-3 Tetra-4 Tri Bi-3+2=5 MG: See The Line: Seesaw, T-Shaped, Linear Pyramids before plans: Square Pyramida!, Square planar WAYS TO ILLUSTRATE MODELS: Structural formula Lewis Dot Structure. Fischer projection Space-filled model 5 major types of molecular shapes: 1. Linear O=C=O 2. Bent H 00 3. Trigonal Planar H H 4. Tetrahedral H H - C - H H 5. Ring Structure (Cyclo-) H 1 H H H - C C H C - D H- H H ハ H HHH edg and bond angles. EDG: Linear 180 ↳180° EDG: Trigonal Planar ↳126° 120 EDG: Tetrahedral 109.5° 109.5