MDC 1 Final Exam

Final Exam Review: Discharge: - D/C instructions start @ admission D/C pt from surgery education: Signs and symptoms of infection • Redness, swelling, fever, pain, loss of function Patient has extreme pain after surgery with cast that does not lessen with pain meds, this is –Compartment syndrome (Notify provider immediately) Therapeutic Communication: - If patient comes in with visible abuse, we report and ask patient directly Know therapeutic communication Religious/cultural issues affecting care --> establish an open line of communication Non-verbal actions= reassuring touch, smile, eye contact Nurse-patient relationships you first build trust Know what empathetic means Being culturally competent starts with yourself Give examples of belittling Teach pt with understanding, best way = teach back method RA + Lupus: - - Know about RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis) and Lupus Know that Lupus is also called SLE Tell-Tale sign for Lupus is butterfly rash (Malar Rash Patient teaching with Lupus: • Conserving energy • Avoiding sun --> need Vitamin D supplements Biggest cue of RA is morning stiffness in the morning 1st line of medication for RA = methotrexate Goals of RA = reduce/manage pain For pt with RA, try and let them be as independent as possible HIV/AIDS: - How do you transmission from HIV to AIDS High risk ADL with pt who has HIV is : Shaving Bone cancer: - Bone pain @ first w/ cancer is called “boing pain” Bone cancer --> extremely painful (most painful of all cancers) Eyes: - If a patient is visually impaired you: • Introduce self immedately, tell and describe everything you are doing If you get a chemical burn in the eye you --> wash it immediately Treatment for glaucoma: • Beta-blockers, eye drops for life Know skill of putting eye drops Treatments for cataracts = surgery Falls: - Fall risk admit arrives, how can you help prevent fall: show them where everything is Pt’s with vertigo are at risk for falls - Past medical history (PMH) of surgery is what you ask to get direct answers - Know standard precautions - Why do you continue monitoring patients? - Establish trends and baseline - Why we do we check on patients after receiving meds?: • Check effectiveness • Monitor disease process - Know normal vital signs - Know priorities on nursing CRCJ’s, ADPIE, & ABC’s - Nutritional concerns for teen girls because of body image We want them to increase calcium and vitamin D - Know pathophysiology of Gout - Remove rugs and increase lighting at home - Pain relief: start with non-pharmalogic relief • Acupuncture therapy • Massage therapy • RICE assessment • Cooling or warm packs, etc - How to assess gait? - walking - Look at cues for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction - Crepitus = cracking of joints, typically bone on bone - Salicylates= They are the foundation of many pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory medications; Used in Aspirin: (acetylsalicylic acid) - Know proper body mechanics - Plantar fasciitis is in the Achilles tendon: Roll and stretch it - Who is at risk for Osteoperosis?: - Women, Obesity, White race, menopausal, sedentary lifestyle - Whisper test: usually done on kids - Safety for toddlers: Locking things up and pool safety - Lice on the hair shaft = knits - Know ecchymosis: medical term for a bruise - Know purpura: purple, red, or brownish-black spots and patches that appear on the skin or mucous membranes. It occurs when small blood vessels leak blood, causing blood to pool just beneath the skin's surface. - Know urticaria: commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, intensely itchy welts or wheals that vary in size. They can be red, pink, or skin-toned, and they typically blanch (turn white in the center) when pressed - Know angiomas: benign (noncancerous) growths made up of small blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. They commonly appear as small red, purple, or blue spots on the skin. While usually harmless, they can be treated with laser therapy or electrocautery - If pt has diabetes, they are at risk of cellulitis - If pt has jaundice, you will notice it more in the eyes (specifically the sclera) - If pt has contact dermatitis, we keep them on safety precautions - If elderly pt likes baths, tell them to be careful with temperature - Know stages of wound healing - Causes of most ruptured eardrums is from infection - Best way to prevent infections --> hand washing - Pt with norovirus, we are worried about dehydration - Immunizations are considered acquired immunity - Know indicated vs contraindicated nursing