Biology 1A03 Test

Biology 1A03-Test #1 (Version 3-Evening) PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (worth 30 marks) Please answer Questions 1 to 30 on the OMR Scan Sheet in HB pencil, NOT pen. Select the option which best answers the question. There is no penalty for guessing. Each question is worth I mark. 1. Your house mate forgets to water your favorite fern plant, all of the following occur at the cellular level except: A) Water movement out of the central vacuole by osmosis (B) Turgor pressure builds up in the cells C) Water moves out of the cytosol by osmosis D) The plasma membrane shrinks away from the cell walls 2. Suppose Felix Robins, a 4th year Biology Thesis student, is examining the development of the eyes of small birds of Costa Rica. He wishes to specifically examine the types of cells in the eyes of these birds. The cells to be studied can be distinguished by external shape, size, three dimensional characteristics, and their developmental growth. Which of the following tools would be the best method(s) for Felix's investigation? A) Cell fractionation and transmission electron microscopy B) Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy C) Transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture analysis D) Light microscopy using living unstained materials E) Light microscopy using dead unstained specimens and differential centrifugation techniques 3. The initial stage of cavity formation in humans involves the prokaryotes in the mouth causing hydrolysis of sucrose. Which of the following would be the result of this reaction? A) Lactose B) Galactose and maltose C) Fructose and glucose D) Water and starch E) Both A and C 4. Dr. Janis Byers examines a plasma cell that synthesizes hundreds of antibodies per minute. Which of the following structures should she observe in large amounts within this plasma cell? A) She would observe microtubules in large amounts B) She would observe peroxisomes in large amounts G She would observe actin filaments in large amounts (D) She would observe endoplasmic reticulum in large amounts E) She would observe glycoproteins in large amounts 5. Exocytosis is a process by which a living cell: A) identifies substances in the environment by utilizing a receptor complex B) pass substances out of the cell through the membrane by osmosis C) passes substances out of the cell in vesicles D) releases substances directly into the extracellular fluid through a small pore E) releases substances directly into the extracellular fluid through a coated pit Biology 1A03-Test #1 (Version 3 - Evening) October 19, 2012 6. If a chipmunk's kidney cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it will flower cell placed in a hypotonic solution will whereas an orchid's A) be turgid, be flaccid B) lyse, be turgid E crenate, be plasmolyzed D) be flaccid, crenate E) be plasmolyzed, crenate . As discussed in Biology 1A03 lectures, the flagella of eukaryotes move (undulate) by: 7 A) alternating gel state and solid state B) the action of kinesin and GTP C) the synchronized contraction of actin filaments (D) microtubules sliding past one another E) rotation of the basal body with the assistance of Ran proteins 8. When the level of glucose in a female marathon runner's blood is elevated, her body is able to store exces glucose in her liver by forming glycogen. When her blood glucose levels decrease, the stored glucose can released. Based on this information, which of the following is correct? A) Glucose is highly branched functional group that forms a larger glucose polymer B) Glycogen is a polysaccharide which is formed by joining excess monosaccharides of glucose eGlucose is a complex polysaccharide that can join to form the monosaccharide glycogen D) Glucose is an inorganic molecule that is synthesized in laboratory from the monomer sucrose E) Both A and C 9. Similar to the nucleus, the mitochondria have two or more membrane layers. How is the innermost of the mitochondrial layers different from that of the nucleus? A) The inner mitochondrial membrane is lacking of nearly all proteins and composed of stroma By The inner mitochondrial membrane is separated out into thylakoids The space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane is larger and filled with grana D) The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded E) Both A and C 10. Suppose that two flasks (containers) are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water, but not to t dissolved minerals present in water. Flask L contains tap water and Flask F contains the purified water. Under normal conditions, the purified water would cross the membrane and dilute the more concentrated water solution. In the reverse osmosis process, pressure is applied to the tap water tank to force the water molecules across the membrane into the pure water flask. After the reverse osmosis system has been operating for 30 minutes, the solution in Flask L. would: Be hypertonic to Flask F B) Be isotonic to Flask F C) Be hypotonic to Flask F D) Both A and B Biology 1A03-Test #1 (Version 3 - Evening) 11. Which of the following components require the nuclear pore complexes in order to move between the cytoplasm and the interior of the nucleus? (A) Proteins manufactured in the cytoplasm, which are components of the ribosomes BRNA CmRNA D) A, B, and C E) A and Conly 12. What prevents your immune system from attacking your own cells? A) A fever BT Cholesterol C) Receptor proteins (D) Recognition proteins (glycoproteins) E) Both B and C 13. In Biology 1A03 lectures, we reviewed the cellular components of plant cells, such as those observed in angiosperms (flowering plants). What is stroma? Af It is the watery fluid enclosed in the inner membrane of the lysosome B) It is the fluid situated between the thylakoid membrane and the microtubule organizing centre GY It is the fluid contained in a plant's coated vesicle D) It is the thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane By It is the space between the inner and outer membranes of vacuoles 14. With regards to carbohydrates, disaccharides can differ from each other in all of the following ways except: A) As optical isomers B) In their structural formulas (C) In the number of their monosaccharides D) In the location of their glycoside linkage E) The monomers involved 15. Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides? AN-Glucosamine, glycogen, cellulose, lactose BT Cellulose, maltose, sucrose, amylopectin ef Sucrose, starch, cellulose, maltose D) Amylose, cellulose, glycogen, chitin JStarch, fructose, alpha glucose 16. As posted in the Biology 1A03 supplementary online resources, we reviewed the structure of steroids with regards to sex hormones. Where in a steroid is it "water loving"? along the long hydrocarbon chain B) at the terminal hydroxyl group at the two methyl groups Dy at the non polar fatty acid groups Both C and D Biology 1A03-Test #1 (Version 3-Evening) October 19, 2012 17. Two aqueous solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane. Solution A is 25% starch and Solution B is 12% starch. What will initially occur? A Starch will diffuse from Solution B to Solution A B) Water will diffuse from Solution A to Solution B Water will diffuse from Solution B to Solution A big strich is too big (D) Starch will diffuse from Solution A to Solution B Both A and B 18. Which of the following phospholipid membranes would be most permeable to glycerol? A) A phospholipid membrane with short and unsaturated tails B) A phospholipid membrane with long and saturated fatty acid tails A phospholipid membrane with long and unsaturated tails Dy A phospholipid membrane with short and saturated tails 5) Both B and D 19. During Biology 1A03 lectures, we discussed the mechanisms of transport of substances across membranes. For example, the rate of facilitated diffusion of a molecule across a membrane will increase as the concentration gradient of the molecule across the membrane increases to a certain point. Eventually, an increase in the concentration of the molecule will not cause any further increase in facilitated diffusion. This is because: Ay facilitated diffusion requires ATP energy. By as the concentration gradient increases, molecules interfere with one another. the increased concentration gradient results in a concentration that deviates greatly from equilibrium D) there are a limited number of carrier proteins in the membrane the rate of diffusion constantly and solely depends upon the concentration gradient. 20. Using the technique which was formulated by Palade and his co-workers, we see that membranes tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. What is the most correct explanation for this observation? A) The transmembrane proteins are not strong enough to hold the bilayer together B) The carbon-carbon bonds of the phospholipids tails are easily broken The hydrophilic interactions between the opposite membrane surfaces are destroyed on freezing (D) The hydrophobic interactions that hold the membrane together are weakest at this point Ey Water that is present in the middle of the bilayer freezes and is easily fractured 21. How would a bioengineer design the membranes of plants, so that the plant membranes can remain fluid when they are grown in very cold temperatures? Cholesteal A) By using active transport B) By co-transport of glucose and hydrogen ef By increasing the percentage of ECM outside of the membranes D) By increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membranes By decreasing the number of hydrophilic proteins in the membranes 22/Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge? A) Ribosomes, vacuoles, lysosomes C) Nucleus, mitochondria, the large subunits of ribosomes, the small subunits of ribosomes B) Ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisomes D) Vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria Ej Nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts, rough ER Biology 1A03-Test #1 (Version 3 - Evening) 17,201 23. Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following choices best describes the route of insulin from its production to its exit from the cell? A rough ER, transport vesicles, plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, (B) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane, coated pit pores Dyrough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane E) smooth ER, vacuoles, vesicles, cell membrane, plasma membrane 24. Two similar-sized wolf kidney cells are placed in a 0.5% sucrose solution. Cell A enlarges for a period of time and then stops, Cell B continues to enlarge and finally ruptures. Which of the following statements must be correct with regards to at the beginning of the experiment? A) Cells A and B were isotonic to each other B) Cell A was hypotonic to the solution, and Cell B was hypertonic Cell A was hypertonic to D) Cell B was hypertonic to A E) Both A and B Cell B 25. If placed in a hypertonic solution, a cabbage plant cell will whereas a squirrel's heart cell will A) become plasmolyzed, will crenate B) become turgid, lyse e) become turgid, become flaccid D) fyse or burst, become turgid E) shrivel, crenate 26. What would result by changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 177 amino acids? A) The tertiary level of protein structure might be altered B) The biological activity or formation of the protein might be changed C) The primary level of protein structure would be altered D) A, B, & C are correct E) Both B & C only 27. While working in a cell biology laboratory, you observe a cell preparation which contains large quantities of lysosomes. What would you predict this cell to be very active in? A Phagocytosis and autophagy B) Cell division and receptor mediated endocytosis Converting hydrogen perioxide into oxygen and water Cytoplasm steaming and muscle contraction Both A and C 28. In the United States, FDA government regulations require that foods containing trans fats be labeled appropriately. A trans fat is formed when food manufacturers turn liquid oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen to vegetable oils. This hydrogenation process produces a solid fat because adding the hydrogen: allows fats to form tertiary and quaternary structures. B) allows the fatty acid chains to pack together more tightly. causes several phospholipids to form spontaneously forms a waxy molecule that retains excellent flavor to the food product Both C and D Biology 1A03-Test #1 (Version 3 - Evening) 29. For this pair of items, choose the option which best describes their relationship Item 1-The probability of finding chitin in fungal cell walls Item 2-The probability of finding chitin in arthropod exoskeletons A) Item 1 is greater than Item 2 B) Item 1 is very approximately equal to Item 2 C) Item 1 is less than Item 2 30. What does "9+2" of typical cilia describe? A) The length of the structures B) The relationship between the basal body and the axoneme C) The arrangement of the microtubules within the axoneme Dy The arrangement of the dynein arms within the axoneme