Cardiac Infarction | Lecture Note

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ANAT 2200B | Systemic Anatomy of the Human Body
Academic year:

2022
Views:

410

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Cardiac Infarction ● Commonly known as heart attack ○ When blood flow to part of heart muscle is blocked ○ Damage or death of heart tissue ○ Blockage occurs usually by coronary arteries ■ Typically supply blood to the heart Cause ● Most commonly atherosclerosis ○ Fatty plaques build up near or at coronary arteries 1. Plaque forms in coronary artery 2. Plaque ruptures 3. Blood clot forms in site of rupture 4. Clot blockage of blood flow to heart muscle Will cause tissues damage resulting in Myocardial Infarction R ● Modifiable risk factors ○ Smoking ○ High bp ○ High Cholesterol ○ Obesity ○ Diabetes ○ Physical inactivity ● Non-modifiable risk factors ○ Age ○ Male ○ FHx on heart disease Types of MI ● STEMI ○ ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction ■ Complete blockage of coronary artery ■ Defined by ST elevation on ECG ● NSTEMI ○ Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ■ Partial blockage of a coronary artery ■ No ST elevation ■ Elevated cardiac markers Cx ● Severe chest pain/pressure ● Pain radiating ○ Arm ○ Neck ○ Jaw ● Shortness of breath ● Sweating ○ Diaphoresis ● Nausea/vomiting ● Fatigue Diabetic ptn may have silent MI, These ptn could be asmx or with minimal smx DX ● Dx needs multiple tests ○ Electrocardiogram ■ ECG ■ Detection of electrical change in heart ○ Blood tests ■ Use of biomarkers ● Troponin ● Creatine Kinase-MB ○ Imaging ■ Echocardiography ■ Coronary angiography Tx ● Immediate tx needed ○ MONA ■ Morphine ■ Oxygen ■ Nitroglycerin ■ Aspirin ● Percutaneous coronary intervention to restore blood flow ● Thrombolytic therapy is also significant