Parkinson Disease | Lecture Note

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
ANAT 2200B | Systemic Anatomy of the Human Body
Academic year:

2022
Views:

420

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Parkinson Disease ● Neurodegenerative disorder ● Loss of dopamine-producing neurons ● Affects movement Pathophysiology ● Degeneration of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra ○ Dopamine are usually assisting with controlling movements ● Decreased dopamine will lead to increased acetylcholine which will then lead to movement abnormalities ● Substantia nigra involved ● Lewy bodies Cardinal smx ● TRAP ○ T - Tremor (resting tremor) ■ “Pill-rolling” tremor ■ Improvement in movement ○ R - Rigidity ■ Muscle stiffness ■ Cogwheel rigidity ○ A - Akinesia/Bradykinesia ■ Slow movement ■ Hardness on starting the movement ■ Small handwriting ● Micrographia ○ P - Postural instability ■ Poor balance ■ Frequent falls Other smx ● Mask-like face ● Shuffling gait ● Soft voice ● Depression ● Dementia (late) ● Autonomic dysfunction Dx ● Cx dx ● Symptom based dx ● Improvement with levodopa ⇒ supports dx Tx ● Levodopa ○ Most significant ○ Converted to dopamine in brain ○ Applied with carbidopa ■ Prevention ono levodopa breakdown prior to arriving to brain ■ Lesser side effects ● Dopamine Agonist ○ Pramipexole ○ Ropinirole ● MAO-B Inhibitors ○ Selegiline ○ Rasagiline ● Anticholinergics ○ Assist with tremor ● Deep Brain Stimulation ○ Use for severe cases